\n\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u9ad8, \u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u635f\u574f\u540e, \u6700\u591a\u53ea\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u7801\u4f4d\u635f\u5931, \u4e0d\u4f1a\u94fe\u9501\u9519\u8bef(\u5982GB\u7801\u9519\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5c31\u4f1a\u6574\u884c\u4e71\u7801)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
UTF-16, 16bit\u7f16\u7801, \u662f\u53d8\u957f\u7801, \u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e20\u4f4d\u7f16\u7801, \u503c\u57280\u52300x10FFFF\u4e4b\u95f4, \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662funicode\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0. \u5b83\u662f\u53d8\u957f\u7801, \u4e0eCPU\u5b57\u5e8f\u6709\u5173, \u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4, \u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5916\u7801.<\/p>\n
UTF-16\u662funicode\u7684preferred encoding.<\/p>\n
UTF-32, \u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86unicode\u8303\u56f4(0\u52300x10FFFF)\u768432\u4f4d\u7f16\u7801, \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eUCS-4\u7684\u5b50\u96c6.<\/p>\n
UTF\u4e0eunicode\u7684\u5173\u7cfb:<\/p>\n
Unicode\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6, \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u7801.<\/p>\n
\u800cUTF\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f, \u5b83\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aunicode\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u5408\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u5904\u7406. UTF-16\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u662funicode\u7f16\u7801, \u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u6362, \u4f46\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e860x00\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u5185, \u5934256\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2abyte\u90fd\u662f0x00, \u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf(C\u8bed\u8a00)\u4e2d\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49, \u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u95ee\u9898. \u91c7\u7528UTF-8\u7f16\u7801\u5bf9unicode\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u7801\u4f5c\u4e9b\u53d8\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898, \u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u70b9.<\/p>\n
\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6807\u7f16\u7801:<\/p>\n
GB13000: \u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u4e8eISO 10646-1\/Unicode 2.1, \u4eca\u540e\u4e5f\u5c06\u968fISO 10646\/Unicode\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u66f4\u6539\u800c\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u6539.<\/p>\n
GBK: \u5bf9GB2312\u7684\u6269\u5145, \u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3GB2312\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684Unicode 2.1\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6c49\u5b57\u90e8\u5206, \u5e76\u4e14\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u90e8\u5206unicode\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26.<\/p>\n
GB18030-2000: \u57fa\u4e8eGB13000, \u4f5c\u4e3aUnicode 3.0\u7684GBK\u6269\u5c55\u7248\u672c, \u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709unicode\u7f16\u7801, \u5730\u4f4d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8eUTF-8, UTF-16, \u662f\u4e00\u79cdunicode\u7f16\u7801\u5f62\u5f0f. \u53d8\u957f\u7f16\u7801, \u7528\u5355\u5b57\u8282\/\u53cc\u5b57\u8282\/4\u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801. GB18030\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9GB2312\/GBK.<\/p>\n
GB18030\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u975e\u624b\u6301\/\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u65bd\u6807\u51c6.<\/p>\n
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f UCS \u548c ISO 10646?<\/p>\n
\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6 ISO 10646 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 \u901a\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6 (Universal Character Set, UCS). UCS \u662f\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u96c6. \u5b83\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u517c\u5bb9\u7684. \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4, \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5230 UCS\u683c\u5f0f, \u7136\u540e\u518d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u56de\u539f\u7f16\u7801, \u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f.<\/p>\n
UCS \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26. \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed,\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed, \u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed,\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed,\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed,\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u8bed\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0, \u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u6587, \u65e5\u6587\u548c\u97e9\u6587\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57, \u4ee5\u53ca \u5e73\u5047\u540d, \u7247\u5047\u540d, \u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u8bed, \u65c1\u906e\u666e\u8bed\u679c\u9c81\u7a46\u5947\u5b57\u7b26(Gurmukhi), \u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed, \u5370.\u57c3\u7eb3\u5fb7\u8bed(Kannada), Malayalam, \u6cf0\u56fd\u8bed, \u8001\u631d\u8bed, \u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3(Bopomofo), Hangul, Devangari, Gujarati, Oriya, Telugu \u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u4e5f\u6570\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u8bed. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u8bed\u8a00, \u7531\u4e8e\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u600e\u6837\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u5730\u7f16\u7801\u5b83\u4eec, \u56e0\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u52a0\u5165. \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5305\u62ec Tibetian, \u9ad8\u68c9\u8bed, Runic(\u53e4\u4ee3\u5317\u6b27\u6587\u5b57), \u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u8bed, \u5176\u4ed6\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57, \u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5370-\u6b27\u8bed\u7cfb\u7684\u8bed\u8a00, \u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u827a\u672f\u8bed\u8a00\u6bd4\u5982 Tengwar, Cirth \u548c \u514b\u6797\u8d21\u8bed(Klingon). UCS \u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7684, \u5370\u5237\u7528\u7684, \u6570\u5b66\u7528\u7684\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7528\u7684\u7b26\u53f7, \u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7531 TeX, Postscript, MS-DOS\uff0cMS-Windows, Macintosh, OCR \u5b57\u4f53, \u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26.<\/p>\n
ISO 10646 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a 31 \u4f4d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6. \u7136\u800c, \u5728\u8fd9\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d, \u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u53ea\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u524d 65534 \u4e2a\u7801\u4f4d (0x0000 \u5230 0xFFFD). \u8fd9\u4e2a UCS \u7684 16\u4f4d\u5b50\u96c6\u79f0\u4e3a \u57fa\u672c\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u9762 (Basic Multilingual Plane, BMP). \u5c06\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u5728 16 \u4f4d BMP \u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26(\u6bd4\u5982\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57), \u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u624d\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u5b83\u4eec. \u6309\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212, \u5c06\u6765\u4e5f\u8bb8\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4ece 0x000000 \u5230 0x10FFFF \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 100 \u4e07\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 21 \u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u5916\u53bb\u4e86. ISO 10646-1 \u6807\u51c6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e1993\u5e74, \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0e BMP \u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u67b6\u6784. \u5b9a\u4e49 BMP \u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 ISO 10646-2 \u6b63\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u4e2d, \u4f46\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8981\u8fc7\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210. \u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4ecd\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u52a0\u5165\u5230 BMP \u4e2d, \u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86.<\/p>\n
UCS \u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801, \u800c\u4e14\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u5b57. \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a UCS \u6216 Unicode \u503c\u7684\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570, \u901a\u5e38\u5728\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a “U+”, \u5c31\u8c61 U+0041 \u4ee3\u8868\u5b57\u7b26”\u62c9\u4e01\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdA”. UCS \u5b57\u7b26 U+0000 \u5230 U+007F\u4e0e US-ASCII(ISO 646) \u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684, U+0000 \u5230 U+00FF \u4e0e ISO 8859-1(Latin-1) \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684. \u4ece U+E000 \u5230 U+F8FF, \u5df2\u7ecf BMP \u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4e3a\u79c1\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u7684.<\/p>\n
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26?<\/p>\n
UCS\u91cc\u6709\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u70b9\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e86 \u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26.\u5b83\u4eec\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6253\u5b57\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u95f4\u9694\u91cd\u97f3\u952e. \u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26. \u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u91cd\u97f3\u7b26\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u793a\u6807\u8bb0, \u52a0\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u9762. \u56e0\u800c, \u91cd\u97f3\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u9762. \u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u88ab\u52a0\u91cd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26, \u5c31\u8c61\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6b63\u5b57\u6cd5(orthographies of common languages)\u91cc\u7528\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd, \u5728 UCS \u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u8001\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u6027. \u65e2\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u88ab\u52a0\u91cd\u5b57\u7b26, \u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u9884\u4f5c\u5b57\u7b26(precomposed characters). UCS \u91cc\u7684\u9884\u4f5c\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u540c\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u4f5c\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u65e7\u7f16\u7801, \u6bd4\u5982 ISO 8859, \u4fdd\u6301\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u800c\u8bbe\u7684. \u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u52a0\u4e0a\u91cd\u97f3\u7b26\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u793a\u6807\u8bb0, \u8fd9\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528, \u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\u5b57\u6bcd, \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u793a\u6807\u8bb0.<\/p>\n
\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u8ddf\u968f\u7740\u88ab\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u5b57\u7b26. \u6bd4\u5982, \u5fb7\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u53d8\u97f3\u5b57\u7b26 (“\u62c9\u4e01\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdA \u52a0\u4e0a\u5206\u97f3\u7b26”), \u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a UCS \u7801 U+00C4 \u7684\u9884\u4f5c\u5b57\u7b26, \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a “\u62c9\u4e01\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdA” \u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a”\u7ec4\u5408\u5206\u97f3\u7b26”:U+0041 U+0308 \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u5408. \u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5806\u53e0\u591a\u4e2a\u91cd\u97f3\u7b26, \u6216\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0a\u9762\u548c\u4e0b\u9762\u90fd\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u7ec4\u5408\u6807\u8bb0\u65f6, \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26. \u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u6587\u4e2d, \u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26.<\/p>\n
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f UCS \u5b9e\u73b0\u7ea7\u522b?<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8c61\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u8fd9\u6837\u7684 UCS \u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u673a\u5236. \u56e0\u6b64 ISO 10646 \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ea7\u522b:<\/p>\n
\u7ea7\u522b1<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u548c Hangul Jamo \u5b57\u7b26 (\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u522b\u7684, \u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u97e9\u56fd\u6587\u7684\u7f16\u7801, \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u7f16\u7801\u4e00\u4e2a\u97e9\u6587\u97f3\u8282)<\/p>\n
\u7ea7\u522b2<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ea7\u522b1, \u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d, \u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u5217\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26 (\u4f8b\u5982, \u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587, \u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587, Devangari, \u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u8bed, \u679c\u9c81\u7a46\u5947\u8bed, Gujarati, Oriya, \u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed, Telugo, \u5370.\u57c3\u7eb3\u5fb7\u8bed, Malayalam, \u6cf0\u56fd\u8bed\u548c\u8001\u631d\u8bed). \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6700\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5b57\u7b26, UCS \u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00.<\/p>\n
\u7ea7\u522b3<\/p>\n
\u652f\u6301\u6240\u6709\u7684 UCS \u5b57\u7b26, \u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a tilde(\u989a\u5316\u7b26\u53f7,\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\uff5e)\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934(\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u52a0).<\/p>\n
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Unicode?<\/p>\n
\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a, \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684, \u521b\u7acb\u5355\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5. \u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7(ISO)\u7684 ISO 10646 \u9879\u76ee, \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7531(\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684)\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5236\u9020\u5546\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u534f\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684 Unicode \u9879\u76ee. \u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f,1991\u5e74\u524d\u540e, \u4e24\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230, \u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6. \u5b83\u4eec\u5408\u5e76\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u679c, \u5e76\u4e3a\u521b\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7f16\u7801\u8868\u800c\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c. \u4e24\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4ecd\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u516c\u5e03\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6807\u51c6, \u4f46 Unicode \u534f\u4f1a\u548c ISO\/IEC JTC1\/SC2 \u90fd\u540c\u610f\u4fdd\u6301 Unicode \u548c ISO 10646 \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7801\u8868\u517c\u5bb9, \u5e76\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u5171\u540c\u8c03\u6574\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6269\u5c55.<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48 Unicode \u548c ISO 10646 \u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9?<\/p>\n
Unicode \u534f\u4f1a\u516c\u5e03\u7684 Unicode \u6807\u51c6 \u4e25\u5bc6\u5730\u5305\u542b\u4e86 ISO 10646-1 \u5b9e\u73b0\u7ea7\u522b3\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u9762. \u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57.<\/p>\n
Unicode \u6807\u51c6\u989d\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66, \u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5370\u5237\u51fa\u7248\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53c2\u8003. Unicode \u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u7ed8\u5236\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00(\u6bd4\u5982\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed)\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5, \u5904\u7406\u53cc\u5411\u6587\u5b57(\u6bd4\u5982\u62c9\u4e01\u4e0e\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587\u6df7\u5408\u6587\u5b57)\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c \u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83 \u6240\u9700\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5, \u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u897f.<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762, ISO 10646 \u6807\u51c6, \u5c31\u8c61\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684 ISO 8859 \u6807\u51c6\u4e00\u6837, \u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8868. \u5b83\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u672f\u8bed, \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u522b\u540d, \u5e76\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u89c4\u8303\u8bf4\u660e, \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 UCS \u8fde\u63a5\u5176\u4ed6 ISO \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0, \u6bd4\u5982 ISO 6429 \u548c ISO2022. \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e ISO \u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684, \u6bd4\u5982 ISO 14651 \u662f\u5173\u4e8e UCS \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6392\u5e8f\u7684.<\/p>\n
\u8003\u8651\u5230 Unicode \u6807\u51c6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u8bb0\u7684\u540d\u5b57, \u4e14\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u597d\u7684\u4e66\u5e97\u91cc\u7684 Addison-Wesley \u91cc\u6709, \u53ea\u82b1\u8d39 ISO \u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206, \u4e14\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f, \u56e0\u800c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u4e86. \u7136\u800c, \u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 ISO 10646-1 \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b57\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 Unicode 2.0\u7684. \u4e13\u4e1a\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u8bf4\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0, \u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6837\u4f8b\u5b57\u5f62\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u533a\u522b. ISO 10646-1 \u6807\u51c6\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u53d8\u4f53\u6765\u663e\u793a\u8868\u610f\u6587\u5b57\u5982\u4e2d\u6587, \u65e5\u6587\u548c\u97e9\u6587 (CJK), \u800c Unicode 2.0 \u7684\u8868\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u53d8\u4f53. \u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a Unicode \u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684.<\/p>\n
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f UTF-8?<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148 UCS \u548c Unicode \u53ea\u662f\u5206\u914d\u6574\u6570\u7ed9\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u8868. \u73b0\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u597d\u51e0\u79cd\u5c06\u4e00\u4e32\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e32\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5. \u6700\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06 Unicode \u6587\u672c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a 2 \u4e2a \u6216 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u4e32. \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\u5206\u522b\u4e3a UCS-2 \u548c UCS-4. \u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u6307\u5b9a, \u5426\u5219\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684(Bigendian convention). \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a ASCII \u6216 Latin-1 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 UCS-2 \u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a ASCII \u5b57\u8282\u524d\u63d2\u5165 0x00. \u5982\u679c\u8981\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 UCS-4, \u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a ASCII \u5b57\u8282\u524d\u63d2\u5165\u4e09\u4e2a 0x00.<\/p>\n
\u5728 Unix \u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528 UCS-2 (\u6216 UCS-4) \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898. \u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26, \u6bd4\u5982 ‘\\0’ \u6216 ‘\/’, \u5b83\u4eec\u5728 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6 C \u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u542b\u4e49. \u53e6\u5916, \u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f7f\u7528 ASCII \u6587\u4ef6\u7684 UNIX \u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u5177, \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7684. \u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0, \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d, \u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6, \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u5730\u65b9, UCS-2 \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a Unicode \u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7f16\u7801.<\/p>\n
\u5728 ISO 10646-1 Annex R \u548c RFC 2279 \u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898. \u5b83\u662f\u5728 Unix \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u7684\u660e\u663e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5.<\/p>\n
UTF-8 \u6709\u4e00\u4e0b\u7279\u6027:<\/p>\n
UCS \u5b57\u7b26 U+0000 \u5230 U+007F(ASCII) \u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282 0x00 \u5230 0x7F(ASCII \u517c\u5bb9). \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u5305\u542b 7 \u4f4d ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5728 ASCII \u548c UTF-8 \u4e24\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684.<\/p>\n
\u6240\u6709 >U+007F\u7684 UCS \u5b57\u7b26\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4e32, \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u6709\u6807\u8bb0\u4f4d\u96c6. \u56e0\u6b64, ASCII \u5b57\u8282 (0x00-0x7F) \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206.<\/p>\n
\u8868\u793a\u975e ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u603b\u662f\u5728 0xC0 \u5230 0xFD \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc, \u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282. \u591a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u5728 0x80 \u5230 0xBF \u8303\u56f4\u91cc. \u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u91cd\u65b0\u540c\u6b65\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613, \u5e76\u4f7f\u7f16\u7801\u65e0\u56fd\u754c, \u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u53d7\u4e22\u5931\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5f71\u54cd.<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5165\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684 231\u4e2a UCS \u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u591a\u5230 6 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u957f, \u7136\u800c 16 \u4f4d BMP \u5b57\u7b26\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u7528\u5230 3 \u5b57\u8282\u957f.<\/p>\n
Bigendian UCS-4 \u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u7684\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u9884\u5b9a\u7684.<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u8282 0xFE \u548c 0xFF \u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u7528\u5230.<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u5217\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26. \u7528\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e32\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u5728 Unicode \u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7.<\/p>\n
U-00000000 - U-0000007F:\u00a0 0xxxxxxx\n\nU-00000080 - U-000007FF:\u00a0 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx\n\nU-00000800 - U-0000FFFF:\u00a01110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx\n\nU-00010000 - U-001FFFFF:\u00a011110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx\n\nU-00200000 - U-03FFFFFF:\u00a0111110xx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx\n\nU-04000000 - U-7FFFFFFF:\u00a01111110x 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\nxxx \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7531\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4f4d\u586b\u5165. \u8d8a\u9760\u53f3\u7684 x \u5177\u6709\u8d8a\u5c11\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49. \u53ea\u7528\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u6570\u7684\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32. \u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u4e2d, \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5f00\u5934”1″\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e32\u4e2d\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u76ee.<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982: Unicode \u5b57\u7b26 U+00A9 = 10101001(\u7248\u6743\u7b26\u53f7) \u5728 UTF-8 \u91cc\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a:<\/p>\n
11000010 10101001= 0xC2 0xA9<\/p>\n
\u800c\u5b57\u7b26 U+2260 = 0010 0010 0110 0000 (\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e) \u7f16\u7801\u4e3a:<\/p>\n
11100010 1000100110100000 = 0xE2 0x89 0xA0<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u5b57\u62fc\u5199\u4e3a UTF-8, \u5176\u4e2d UTF \u4ee3\u8868 UCS Transformation Format. \u8bf7\u52ff\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57 (\u6bd4\u5982 utf8 \u6216 UTF_8) \u6765\u8868\u793a UTF-8, \u5f53\u7136\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u672c\u8eab.<\/p>\n
\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u652f\u6301 Unicode?<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5927\u7ea61993\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b, \u53eb\u505a Unicode\/ISO 10646-1 \u5b57\u7b26. \u5728 Ada95 \u4e2d\u53eb Wide_Character, \u5728 Java \u4e2d\u53eb char.<\/p>\n
ISO C \u4e5f\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26 (wide characters) \u7684\u673a\u5236,1994\u5e74 9 \u6708 Amendment 1 to ISO C \u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u53c8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u66f4\u591a. \u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u5404\u7c7b\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7f16\u7801\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684, \u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u5904\u7406 UCS \u6240\u9700\u7684\u8981\u5065\u58ee\u5f97\u591a. UTF-8 \u662f ISO C \u6807\u51c6\u8c03\u7528\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50, wchar_t \u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e Unicode \u5b57\u7b26.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8fd9\u4e24\u5929\u62bd\u65f6\u95f4\u53c8\u603b\u7ed3\/\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u5404\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u548c\u5728Java\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u4ee5\u4fbf\u65e5\u540e\u53c2\u8003\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5bf9\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5904\u7406\u5728Java\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a \u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1aJAVA\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22],"tags":[3],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=415"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":447,"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions\/447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lg.yusemo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}